This work introduces the topic of the creation and development of ports on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar from ancient times to the modern day. The first aspect which it analyzes is the very specific nautical conditions of the Strait (currents, winds), which are decisive factors in terms of navigation, whether longitudinal or transversal. The second involves the types of locations chosen to establish ports along the coasts of the Strait (bays, inlets, river mouths, etc.) in accordance with the ships’ draft (bathymetry) and the protection provided by the geography against winds, especially those from the East and Northeast. It is demonstrated how the coastal environment of old ports was reconstructed during their functional period, and the ways in which new technologies have reduced reliance on natural factors. Last of all, several examples are provided of the evolution of harbors or harbor clusters from ancient times to the twenty-first century. A table summarizes the history of the main developments at the ports along the Strait.
Strait of Gibraltar, port settlements, navigation, Spain, Morocco.